Middle School Teaching Units

As a parent, you are familiar with the concept of “family time,” but have you ever sat down and thought about why it is important and the benefits it brings to both you and your children’s lives?

Many of today’s families are very busy. Most households need two incomes to survive. Some parents even hold down two or more jobs in order to make ends meet. Many parents feel out of balance when it comes to their working and family time.

These feelings can lead to stress and anxiety. As you know, stress and anxiety lead to other health problems, such as head aches, irritability, depression, high blood pressure, and other ailments.

The time your children spend with you gives them many benefits. Spending time as a family provides your children with feelings of love, support, security and safety.

The various activities you engage in during family time provide your children with opportunities to learn new behaviors and skills. For example, teach younger children the alphabet by making a game out of it. If your elementary age child is learning about pollination, go for a walk and point out the many types of flowers you find.

Spending time with your middle school and high school aged children allows you to stay connected with them and to help them ward off peer pressure. When your child feels a connection to you and the morals you have taught them, they won’t have a high need for acceptance from peers. Your teen will be able to take pride in themselves and stand up for their own convictions.

Spending time together as a family can also be beneficial to your marriage. It’s no secret that the nation’s divorce rate is quite high. Family time isn’t just about a parent spending time with their children; it’s also about Continue Reading

1. Introduction

The concept of Organizational Commitment (OC) has gained considerable attention in organizational psychology in past 20 (to 30) years (Gautam et al., 2001). This research study looks at the bases of Organizational Commitment and tries to find out the impact of Compensation, Supervisor Support, and Training & Development on Organizational Commitment in a Pakistani Setting.

Over the years we have seen, a solid boost in the research of Organizational Commitment as a workplace construct. There have been a lot of studies in the West, other developed countries and also in a few developing countries, but very little research has been done in the East, especially Muslim countries, and Pakistan is no exception. Thus this study tries to be a grain in the almost empty jug of research, in the hope that some day it will be filled up.

Pakistan has previously neglected investment in human capital and thus fosters a persistently high population, deceleration of growth and overruling poverty (Pakistan Economic Survey, 2005-06). Because of this, the standard of education has remained poor, and the level of Organizational Commitment in teachers is very low. Continuous empirical research has shown that low Organizational Commitment results in unfavorable outcomes such as, low performance and low productivity, while high Organizational Commitment is believed to be related with favorable outcomes such as improved performance, reduced absenteeism, and decreased turnover (Angle & Perry, 1981; Balfour & Wechsler, 1996; Benson, 2006; Gautam et al. 2001; Karatepe & Kilic, 2007; Loke, 2001). We have chosen Higher Secondary School (Intermediate level) teachers as our sample to investigate the determinants of OC in teachers in Pakistan.

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